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- MCVERT(LOCAL) MCVERT(LOCAL)
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- NAME
- mcvert - MacBinary <=> BinHex 4.0 and more file conversion utility
-
- SYNOPSIS
- mcvert { [option] ... name ... } ...
-
- DESCRIPTION
- The mcvert program translates files between MacBinary format and other
- formats often used in exchanging Macintosh files. See FILE FORMATS
- below for a description of the file formats supported.
-
- PARAMETERS
- The defaults for the parameters are -xDqv: convert BinHex 4.0 files
- (x) to MacBinary files (D), bypass automatic unpacking of PIT files
- (q), and provide a verbose level of output (v).
-
- OPTIONS
- All the options, other than FORMAT OPTIONS described below, are listed
- here. From each set, one and only one alternative is active for any
- one file.
-
- U | D
- When option -U, as in Upload, is selected, the conversion is from
- MacBinary to something else. Conversely, option -D, as in
- Download, selects conversion from something to MacBinary.
-
- p | q
- If a BinHex 4.0 to MacBinary conversion is taking place and
- option -p, as in Pit, is selected, any file of type "PIT " will
- be unpacked into its constituent parts. This option does not
- recursively unpack "PIT " files packed in "PIT " files. If a
- MacBinary to BinHex 4.0 conversion is taking place, this option
- is currently ignored. Conversely, option -q, as in Quiescent,
- does no such unpacking.
-
- t Macintosh and UNIX differ in the end-of-line character they use.
- Option -t, as in Translate, enables end-of-line character
- translation for the data. Translation is off by default, but it
- is enabled automatically when processing -u (Usual Text) files.
- Option -t is useful when processing both data and resource files
- at the same time (option -b) to enable end-of-line character
- translation for the data.
-
- S | s | v | V | VV
- Normally, mcvert prints converting messages and other information
- about the files it is processing to stderr. Option -S, as in
- SILENT, disables all such reporting. Option -s, as in Silent,
- disables all but the "Converting ..." messages. Option -v, as in
- Verbose, emits generally useful information. Option -V, as in
- VERBOSE, displays some additional debugging information. Option
- -VV, as in VERY VERBOSE, displays detailed debugging information
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- as well.
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- H Option -H, as in Heuristic, disables the skip-legal-but-suspect-
- lines heuristic used when processing BinHex 4.0 formatted input
- files. See BUGS below for details on the heuristic.
-
- I Option -I, as in Information only, does not write output files,
- but does indicate which output files would normally be written.
- All other operations are performed, including verifying file
- formats and calculated CRC values. The -I option basically
- provides a non-destructive verification of the files and their
- processing. It is also a soothing balm for the somewhat
- paranoid, since it reports what files would be changed, without
- actually changing them.
-
- P Option -P, as in Pipe output to stdout, writes the resulting
- output file(s) to stdout, rather than to the file system with the
- appropriate extension. The default is to use the file system.
-
- FILE FORMATS
- Some useful formats in which Macintosh files are represented on non-
- Macs are:
-
- MacBinary:
- An eight bit wide representation of the data and resource forks
- of a Mac file and of relevant Finder information, MacBinary files
- are recognized as "special" by several Macintosh terminal
- emulators. These emulators, using kermit or xmodem or other file
- transfer protocols, can separate the incoming file into forks and
- appropriately modify the Desktop to display icons, types,
- creation dates, and the like.
-
- BinHex 4.0:
- A seven bit wide representation of a Mac file with CRC error
- checking, BinHex 4.0 files are designed for communication of Mac
- files over long distance, possibly noisy, seven bit wide paths.
-
- PackIt:
- PackIt files are actually representations of collections of Mac
- files, possibly Huffman compressed. Packing many small related
- files together before a MacBinary transfer or a translation to
- BinHex 4.0 is common practice.
-
- Text:
- A Macintosh ends each line of a plain text file with a carriage
- return character (^M), rather than the newline character (^J)
- that some systems require (for example, UNIX). Moreover, a
- MacBinary file has prepended Finder information that non-
- Macintoshes usually don't expect.
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- Data, Rsrc:
- A Data or Rsrc file is the exact copy of the data or resource
- fork of a Macintosh file.
-
- FORMAT OPTIONS
- Exactly one of the following selections may be specified for an input
- name:
-
- x BinHex 4.0 [.hqx] - files in the MacBinary format are translated
- to BinHex 4.0 files, or vice versa. The name argument is the
- name of a file to be converted. If the conversion is from BinHex
- 4.0 to MacBinary, several files may comprise the BinHex 4.0
- representation of the Mac file. Rather than manually concatenate
- the files and manually delete mail headers and other extraneous
- garbage, one may specify the names of the files in order and
- mcvert will do the concatenating and deleting. Conversely, in
- converting a MacBinary file to BinHex 4.0 format for mailing over
- long distances, one may be restricted to mail messages of no
- greater that some fixed length. In this case, mcvert can
- automatically divide the BinHex 4.0 file into pieces and label
- each piece appropriately. For details on automatically
- segmenting files, see the description of the MAC_LINE_LIMIT
- environment variable below.
-
- u | h
- Text [.text] - files in the MacBinary format with nonempty data
- forks and empty resource forks are made from ordinary data files,
- or vice versa. Option -u, for Usual Text, performs translation.
- Option -h, for Host Text, performs no translation. When
- translating, UNIX newline characters are interchanged with
- Macintosh carriage return characters.
-
- d Data [.data] - files in the MacBinary format with nonempty data
- forks and empty resource forks are made from ordinary data files,
- or vice versa. If the data is really text, you should use -u or
- -h so that the file type and creator get set correctly.
-
- r Resource [.rsrc] - files in the MacBinary format with empty data
- forks and nonempty resource forks are made from ordinary data
- files, or vice versa.
-
- b Both [.data .rsrc] - files in the MacBinary format with nonempty
- data forks and and nonempty resource forks are made from ordinary
- data files, or vice versa. For option -b processing, a single
- base file name is provided, and the ".data" and ".rsrc"
- extensions are supplied by mcvert.
-
- FILE NAMES AND EXTENSIONS
- mcvert uses certain file extensions when reading and writing files.
- These extensions are indicated in the "FORMAT OPTIONS" section above.
- For example, the appropriate extension for a BinHex 4.0 file is
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- ".hqx".
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- For input files, mcvert first tries to open the file using the
- specified name. If that fails, mcvert appends the appropriate suffix
- (if not already present) and tries again. Recall that for option -b
- (Both) processing, a single base file name must be provided, since the
- ".data" and ".rsrc" extensions are appended automatically by mcvert.
- For example, "mcvert foo" will try to open "foo", and failing that,
- try to open "foo.hqx" for input; while "mcvert -b foo" will open only
- "foo.data" and "foo.rsrc" for input.
-
- For output files, mcvert always uses the specified base file name and
- appropriate extension. For MacBinary and BinHex 4.0 input files, the
- base file name is specified within the input file, while for plain
- files, the file name specified on the command line is used. The
- appropriate extension is based on the conversion, or on the MAC_EXT
- environment variable for MacBinary output files. For example, if
- there is text file named foo.text (but no file named foo), "mcvert -u
- foo" will use foo.text as input, and generate a file called "foo.bin",
- while "mcvert -u foo.text" will use foo.text as input, and generate a
- file called "foo.text.bin".
-
- ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES AND DEFAULTS
- There are five environment variables one may use to customize the
- behavior of mcvert slightly.
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- MAC_FILETYPE
- The file type of a MacBinary file converted from non BinHex 4.0
- inputs is set to this four-character sequence. For example, one
- might set this variable to "PICT" when converting files created
- by ppmtopict(1). The default is "TEXT" for Text or Host inputs,
- and "????" otherwise. BinHex 4.0 inputs specify the file type to
- use internally.
-
- MAC_EDITOR
- The creator type (author) of MacBinary files is set to this
- four-character sequence. The default is "MACA" (the creator type
- of MacWrite) for Text inputs, and "????" otherwise. BinHex 4.0
- inputs specify the creator type to use internally.
-
- MAC_DLOAD_DIR
- The MacBinary files created when option -D is selected are placed
- in this directory. The default is ".", the current working
- directory.
-
- MAC_EXT
- The MacBinary files created when option -D is selected are named
- according to the file name field stored in the file header, with
- the name extended by this suffix. The default is ".bin".
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- MAC_LINE_LIMIT
- The BinHex 4.0 files created when option -U is selected may be no
- longer than this many lines long. Files that would otherwise
- exceed this line limit are broken up into several files with
- numbers embedded into their file names to show their order. Each
- such file has "Start of part x" and "End of part x" messages
- included where appropriate.
-
- BUGS
- mcvert silently discards input lines which are not completely valid.
- Therefore, error indications for illegally formatted files are likely
- to be somewhat obtuse, often with just a CRC mismatch message.
-
- In order to handle files (such as segmented comp.binaries.mac files)
- which have extraneous but valid BinHex 4.0 lines (such as "---"),
- mcvert uses the following heuristic to discard suspect but legal lines
- in BinHex 4.0 formatted input files. When a new file is opened, or
- when invalid lines are found, the search for good data begins. While
- searching for good data, if a line is too short (less than 12
- characters), or if a line is just a single repeated character, the
- line is discarded. Once mcvert starts processing good data, no valid
- lines are discarded. Thus, this heuristic can also discard (unusually
- formatted) valid and intended BinHex 4.0 lines. While there is no way
- to tune the heuristic (other than modifying the program and
- recompiling), the heuristic can be completely disabled with the -H
- option. So if you run into problems, put all the relevant lines into
- one file, edit the file to remove any extraneous lines, and invoke
- mcvert with the -H option.
-
- It should be possible to discard bad input now and successfully
- translate good input later, but bad input usually causes immediate
- termination.
-
- A more diligent person would support BinHex 3.0 and BinHex 2.0 and
- BinHex 5000 B. C., but I've never seen or heard of anyone using them
- in years.
-
- OTHER PROGRAMS
- There are a number of programs which run on the Mac and convert
- between various Macintosh file formats. For example, here's what
- info-mac/help/accessing-files.txt, as of 13Jun93, has to say about
- converting between BinHex 4.0 and native Mac files:
-
- You can also do the conversion on your Macintosh by using any of
- a number of utilities, including BinHex 4.0, StuffIt, or Compact
- Pro. We recommend using Compact Pro because it is slightly more
- convenient and reliable than the other tools. Note: do NOT use
- BinHex 5.0 as it is incompatible, for some very brain-damaged
- reasons.
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- CompactPro is a wonderful piece of shareware. But if your needs are
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- limited to expansion of BinHex 4.0 files, StuffIt or CompactPro
- archives or AppleLink packages, then the freeware StuffIt Expander (v
- 3.0.3 as of 28Jul93) may be just what you want.
-
- There are other programs available which run under UNIX and convert
- between various Macintosh file formats. One of these programs may be
- what you want to use if mcvert does not meet your needs. One
- collection, called macutil, is available from various archives.
- Here's what the comp.sys.mac.comm FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions),
- Last-modified: Sat Jun 05 1993, has to say about it:
-
- As of (8/92), macutil includes three programs:
-
- hexbin
- a program to convert BinHex 4.0 to MacBinary; it also
- converts uuencode (and UULite) files to their native binary
- format; support for .dl, .hex, and .hcx formats (all
- predecessors of BinHex 4.0) also exists
-
- macsave
- a MacBinary filter program to convert between various
- MacBinary representations, including a single .bin file,
- three separate .data, .rsrc, .info files, and AUFS format.
- macsave also allows one to "peek" inside MacBinary files
-
- macunpack
- a program to unpack PackIt, StuffIt, Diamond,
- Compactor/Compact Pro, most StuffIt Classic and StuffIt
- Deluxe, DiskDoubler, Zoom and LHarc/MacLHa archives.
-
- It also decodes BinHex 5.0, MacBinary, uuencode, and UNIX
- compress (ie: .Z suffix) files (as well as variants of
- compress implemented by various Macintosh compress
- programs).
-
- Support for password protected and/or multi-segment archives
- of various types is minimal or non-existent.
-
- SEE ALSO
- hexbin(1), kermit(1), macbin(1), macunpack(1), macsave(1), macutil(1),
- ppmtopict(1), sit(1), unsit(1), xbin(1), xmodem(1)
-
- AUTHORS
- Doug Moore, Cornell University Computer Science. Based upon xbin by
- Dave Johnson, Brown University, as modified by Guido van Rossum, and
- upon unpit by Allan G. Weber, as well as upon correspondence with
- several helpful readers of USENET.
-
- Joseph P. Skudlarek (Jskud@wv.MentorG.com) made numerous enhancement
- and maintenance releases. See the comments in mcvert.c for additional
- supporting characters.
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